Maladaptation in Supply Chains

ABSTRACT Supply chains are increasingly suffering from widespread disruptions, leading to growing interest in supply chain resilience. Adaptation, a central concept of resilience, is conventionally assumed to effectively manage these disruptions. However, actions aimed at adaptation can have adverse consequences, a phenomenon known in the climate change literature as maladaptation . Supply chain studies discuss only a few instances of maladaptation, without providing an overarching logic that explains why and how such maladaptation emerges. This study brings the concept of maladaptation into supply chain research by developing a conceptual framework that combines maladaptation theory from climate change literature with resilience theory from social–ecological systems literature. This framework identifies the dynamic mechanisms of cross‐level interaction, delayed feedback, path dependence, and governance, through which maladaptation emerges. The framework explains how specific supply chain characteristics, such as compressed timeframes, coordination, and competition, accelerate these mechanisms. Through the conceptualization of maladaptation in supply chain management, this study advances resilience theory by establishing a framework to analyze when and under what circumstances adaptive actions aimed at enhancing resilience become maladaptive.