High‐Precision Quantum Sensing With a Multi‐Atomic Quantum Sensor: Applications in Quantum Thermometry and Magnetometry

ABSTRACT Quantum sensors are devices that utilize quantum systems' properties to achieve high‐precision measurements of physical quantities, such as magnetic fields and temperature. The metrological precision of quantum sensors refers to their ability to provide accurate and reliable measurements with minimal uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a quantum sensor consisting of multiple atoms arranged in a spin chain, exposed to a thermal bath at a temperature and an external weak magnetic field with a magnetic‐field gradient for quantum thermometry and magnetometry. Employing the Hilbert‐Schmidt speed (HSS), a popular measure of quantum statistical speed to quantify precision limits in parameter estimation theory, we have investigated in detail how the magnetic‐field gradient and spin chain position influence the quantum sensor's metrological capabilities. We show that the performance and precision of our quantum sensor depend on the spin chain position and the magnetic field and its gradient; increasing these factors' values reduces estimation precision and weakens quantum sensor performance. Finally, increasing the number of atoms in a quantum sensing structure improves the accuracy of temperature and field estimation.