Design, Implementation, and Mathematical Modeling of an Autonomous Closed-Loop Water Level Controller with Dry-Run Protection

This research presents the design, implementation, and mathematical modeling of an autonomous closed-loop water level controller embedded with a dry-run protection mechanism for water pumping systems. The proposed framework utilizes hysteresis-based logic control to maintain optimal liquid storage levels while continuously monitoring source availability to prevent motor dry-running. Experimental and simulated evaluations demonstrate high system reliability, energy efficiency, and extended motor operational lifespan under varying load conditions.