Reduced incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at a tertiary care center due to enhanced compliance with evidence-based bundle care practices through structured training programs for ICU healthcare workers: a pilot study

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most prevalent hospital-acquired infections in ICU settings, significantly contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed to reduce the incidence of VAP by enhancing compliance with evidence-based bundle care practices through structured training programs for ICU healthcare workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental, prospective study was conducted in Medical and Respiratory ICUs over six months (October 2024 – March 2025). Phase 1 involved baseline assessment through direct observations and questionnaires, followed by intensive Hospital Infection Prevention and Control (HIPC) training sessions. Phase 2 reinforced the implementation of bundle care protocols with periodic audits and feedback. Data was collected on compliance rates and incidence of VAP. Results: VAP incidence was expressed as standardized rates per 1,000 ventilator days. Rates decreased from 10, 16.4 and 16 per 1,000 ventilator-days during the pre-intervention phase, October–December 2024 to 7.4, 5.3, and 4.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, respectively, during the post-intervention phase January–March 2025, demonstrating sustained improvement following bundle compliance interventions. Survey scores post-intervention averaged 68%, indicating improved knowledge and adherence. Conclusion: Structured training and consistent reinforcement of VAP bundle practices were associated with improved compliance and a sustained downward trend in VAP incidence. This approach underscores the importance of targeted education and real-time audits in improving infection control practices.