Pulmonary immunomodulation by nitroalkenes: implications for asthma-associated inflammation 2267798

Abstract Introduction Allergic asthma remains a global health concern, due to its increasing prevalence and limited treatment options. This highlights the urgent need for new mechanistic understanding and alternative therapeutic approaches. In allergic asthma, hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, eosinophils, and T helper subsets drive exaggerated inflammatory responses that sustain cytokine production and immune activation. Prolonged interactions between immune and structural cells induce epithelial reprogramming and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to airway remodeling, matrix deposition, fibrosis, and ultimately irreversible airway obstruction. This causes transient inflammation into chronic disease. Nitroalkenes have emerged as bioactive lipid mediators with strong immunoregulatory potential capable of tempering airway inflammation. While prior studies have reported their protective effects in allergic airway disease, the cellular and molecular pathways responsible remain insufficiently understood. Methods The present study investigates how nitroalkenes influence immune cell recruitment and cytokine-mediated disruption of structural cell homeostasis in allergic asthma. Using a murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD), wild-type mice were given nitroalkenes orally, and pulmonary function was assessed by FlexiVent. Results Nitroalkene administration significantly improved lung function and decreased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein content and inflammatory cell count compared to controls, indicating lung-protective effects. However, the specific immune cell populations responsible for these improvements remain to be clarified. Conclusion Elucidating these mechanisms will reveal key regulatory nodes through which nitroalkenes restore airway equilibrium and suppress fibrotic remodeling, offering a promising direction for developing novel therapeutics against chronic, treatment-resistant asthma. Funding Source n/a Topic Categories Immediate Hypersensitivity, Asthma, and Allergic Responses (HYP)