Criminal Investigation of Crimes Committed in a Metaverse Environment: A Comparative Analytical Study

The world is undergoing a radical transformation in the nature of social spaces and human interactions, driven by the emergence of advanced virtual environments such as the "metaverse," which represents a multi-dimensional digital extension of the real world. This transformation has led to the emergence of new forms of criminal activity occurring within this immaterial space, raising fundamental questions about the adequacy of traditional legal and procedural frameworks—particularly criminal investigation mechanisms—in keeping pace with these developments. This study aims to analyze the key legal and procedural challenges associated with crimes committed in the metaverse and assess the adequacy of the current legislative framework in the United Arab Emirates in addressing them. It draws on comparative insights from countries such as South Korea and France. The study employs a comparative analytical approach to examine gaps in legal classification, evidentiary challenges, and the attribution of criminal responsibility in evolving digital environments. The study concludes that there is a relative legislative gap in addressing metaverse-related crimes, especially in terms of legal classification, jurisdictional boundaries, and rules of evidence. It underscores the need to enhance digital investigation systems and update national legislation to align with current technological changes. Key recommendations include adopting specific legislation for virtual reality crimes, strengthening digital investigative capacity, and promoting international cooperation against cross-border virtual crimes.