Day–Night Visual Perception Enabled by Vis–NIR Broadband Adaptive Transistors

Broadband adaptive vision is pivotal in enabling robust day-night visual operation in applications like autonomous driving and smart security. However, most existing active perception systems are confined to the visible spectrum regime. Here, we report a Vis-NIR broadband organic active adaptation transistor (VN-OAAT) by incorporating a dielectric embedded with ternary bulk-heterojunction, which simultaneously broadens the spectral response (400-1200 nm) and tunes the charge trapping activation energy. Through precise donor-acceptor compositional engineering, the device exhibits light-intensity-dependent photoresponse that enables photopic adaptation under high-illumination conditions and efficient photodetection in low-light environments, each spanning four orders of magnitude in intensity. Imaging experiments and simulations demonstrate that the device ensures all-day accurate vision with recognition accuracy over 96%. This ternary-heterojunction strategy addresses the intrinsic mismatch between high-performance NIR semiconductors and OAAT, establishing an efficient platform for broadband adaptive sensing in day-night machine vision applications.