Lignocellulosic Triboelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Emerging Applications: A Review on Lignin‐Molecular Engineering toward Improved Performance

While triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising platforms for distributed energy generation and self‐powered sensing, their heavy reliance on nonrenewable, petroleum‐derived materials hinders their sustainable development. To address this, abundant and biodegradable lignocellulosic biomass—particularly lignin, Earth's most abundant aromatic polymer—has emerged as a highly promising, low‐cost, and tunable feedstock for green triboelectric materials. This review systematically surveys recent advances in lignocellulose‐based triboelectric materials for energy harvesting, with a focus on the synergistic interplay between charge generation mechanisms and the structural diversity of biomass. It further elucidates strategies to enhance the performance of lignin‐based TENGs through chemical modification, morphological engineering, and composite design. In addition, the application potential of these materials in biomedical devices, environmental monitoring, and AI‐integrated systems is also assessed. Finally, the review outlines persisting challenges and future opportunities, including material standardization, scalable green manufacturing, and life cycle management.