Tin (Sn) Levels in Cow’s Bulk Tank Milk and Dietary Risk Assessment from Dairy Farms in Industrial and Non-industrial Areas of Hatay Province

In this study, it was aimed to compare the tin (Sn) concentrations in raw cow milk samples collected from dairy farms located in industrial and non-industrial areas in Hatay, to reveal the relationship of this element with the proximity of industrial areas and consumption of water and feed, and to reveal the health risks that Sn exposure through the consumption of milk may cause in adult male and female in this region. For this purpose, 12 bulk tank milk samples, 12 water samples and 12 feed samples were collected separately from industrial and non-industrial areas. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) parameters were used for non-carcinogenic risk assessment. In milk samples collected from industrial and non-industrial areas, the mean Sn concentrations were found to be 25.743 mg/L and 24.389 mg/L, respectively. In feed and water samples collected from industrial areas, the mean Sn concentrations were found to be 2.762 mg/kg and 0.041 µg/L, respectively, while those from non-industrial areas were found to be 3.857 mg/kg and 0.218 µg/L, respectively. EDI values determined for the Sn element for adult male and female were calculated as 34.55 µg/L bw/day and 39.74 µg/L bw/day, respectively. In addition, THQ values determined for the Sn element in adult male and female were calculated as 0.057590 and 0.066237, respectively. These findings show that industrial activities in the region contribute to the Sn content in milk and that exposure to this element through the consumption of milk is unlikely to cause any health risks.