A Review on Assessing Situation Awareness in Human AI Teaming

Technology equipped with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly, enabling it to perform complex tasks previously considered impossible. This progress has popularized the concept of human–AI team (HAT) in dynamic environments such as emergency response, healthcare, and military operations, where AI functions as a team member rather than a tool. In both human teams and HAT, situation awareness (SA) is a critical factor for team harmony, which depends on effective communication and coordination. SA becomes more complex in teams, where individuals must not only be aware of information required for their own tasks (Team SA) but also understand what other members need and their responsibilities (shared SA). Given the importance of SA in HAT, this review examines approaches used to assess SA, categorizing them as subjective, objective, performance-based, physiological-based, and multimodal. Finally, the review highlights challenges in assessing SA in HAT and suggests future directions for team-level SA assessment.