Formal Public Transportation in New Cairo: A Study in Urban Transport Geography Using Geographic Information Systems

Urbanization necessitates the provision of transportation, including roads, stations, and bus routes. Achieving social justice requires the availability of formal public transportation. Therefore, this research discusses three elements: roads, formal public transportation stations, and formal public transportation routes, to reveal the role of public transportation in the urbanization of New Cairo. Through quantitative and spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems, and through data, some of which is international and some of which is field-based, it has been proven that physical communications have succeeded in the urbanization of New Cairo through 5693 km, distributed among 22 types of roads distributed unevenly among them, and with varying densities ranging between 9 categories of 51 km/km 2 and 0.03 km/km 2 . The formal public transportation service operates through 10 stations, scattered but somewhat organized, from which 107 bus and minibus routes, as well as the Monorail, depart and arrive. These routes serve only 71.3% of the road lengths suitable for vehicles and a mere 33.54% of New Cairo's area. This represents a significant obstacle, depriving 28.7% of the road lengths and 66.46% of the area of formal public transportation. Furthermore, the problem is exacerbated by the traffic flow towards the New Administrative Capital and the modern developments to the east, south, and north of New Cairo, with the exception of the Monorail. Within New Cairo itself, the high fares have been a major impediment to using formal public transportation for internal travel.