The Expression Profile of microRNA Genes and NT-proBNP as Possible Predictors of One-Year Mortality in Egyptian Adults with Acute Heart Failure: A Prospective Biomarker Study

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a prevalent and life-threatening condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential biomarkers in various cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, miR-302b-3p and miR-103 have demonstrated potential as biomarkers in heart failure. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circulating miR-302b-3p and miR-103 in AHF among Egyptian adults and the association between these miRNAs and NT-proBNP levels. Methods: The study involved 95 participants, comprising 45 Egyptian adults diagnosed with AHF and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Circulating levels of miR-302b-3p and miR-103 were measured using qRT-PCR, while NT-ProBNP levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of miR-302b-3p was significantly decreased in patients with AHF compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.05). The levels of this miRNA showed a significant negative correlation with NT-proBNP levels ( r = 0.78, p = 0.013). Lower levels of miR-302b-3p and increased NT-ProBNP levels correlated with more severe prognosis, including higher rates of hospitalization and 1-year mortality in patients with AHF ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: NT-ProBNP and miR-302b-3p serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of AHF in Egyptian adults that can further guide health care professionals for risk stratification and therapeutic response.