Exosome-like nanoparticles derived from Ipomoea aquatica promote dendritic cell—mediated anti-tumor immunity 2267679

Abstract Introduction Plant-derived extracellular-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as natural bio-nanoparticles capable of modulating immune responses and serving as novel platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach) is an edible plant known for its antioxidant and immunoregulatory properties, but its nanovesicle fraction has not been studied in the context of anti-tumor immunity. This study aimed to investigate whether I. aquatica-derived ELNs (IA-ELNs) can activate dendritic cells (DCs) and promote anti-tumor immune responses. Methods IA-ELNs were isolated from I. aquatica leaves using differential centrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Bone marrow—derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from C57BL/6 mice were treated with IA-ELNs, and surface markers (CD80, CD86, MHC-I, MHC-II) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine production (IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-10) was quantified by ELISA. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) were performed to assess T-cell activation. MAPK and NF-κB signaling were examined by Western blotting. Results IA-ELNs treatment significantly enhanced DC maturation by increasing CD80, CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II expression. Cytokine analysis revealed elevated IL-12p70 and TNF-α secretion, indicating Th1-polarizing activity. In MLR assays, IA-ELNs—treated DCs promoted proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, IA-ELNs activated ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation as well as NF-κB signaling, consistent with an immunostimulatory phenotype. Conclusion IA-ELNs promote dendritic cell activation and enhance T-cell—mediated anti-tumor immunity via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. These findings suggest that IA-ELNs represent a promising plant-based nanoplatform for developing safe and effective immunotherapeutic agents. Funding Source n/a Topic Categories Classical and Non-Classical Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)