Next-Generation Crispr-Engineered Car-T Cells for Solid Tumors: from Precision Genome Editing to Universal Cellular Immunotherapy

ABSTRACT Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from cancer, which is complicated and is still one of the world's leading causes of mortality despite tremendous advancements. In spite of many technologies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy still it is one of the deadliest diseases. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) is the advanced technology which binds to T cells to become effective against cancer cells. CAR -T cells developed through recombinant DNA technology and have the property to recognize and eliminate the tumor cells. CRISPR-CAS technology developed which can edit the DNA sequence at specific locations; through which insertion and deletion is possible in DNA. With the use of CRISPR technology in CAR-T cells without damaging the DNA, CAR T-cells are effective against solid tumor cells, developing universal T-cells. This new editing and technology have made allogeneic CAR-T treatments a promising therapeutic option. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risk, cost, and other limitations associated with allogeneic CAR-T cells may be addressed through universal, ready-to-use CAR-T cells. The use of AI, transposons, prime editing and base editing will be used with CRISPR CAR-T cells in future to make them widely accessible and therapeutically effective for the treatment of diverse ranges of tumor cells. This paper discusses CAR-T cells, the CRISPR Cas technology, and how both of them contribute to the fight against solid tumors. Also, it reviews the application and the challenges associated with solid tumor cells and the future prospective of CRISPR CAR -cells.