Order-Bound companionship: The Practice of Emotional Labor in Professional Game Companionship

Labor in platform gig economy increasingly involves services involving relationship that demand significant emotional investment. Grounded in China’s unique socio-cultural and multi-platform context, this study explores professional game companionship, an under-explored digital labor practice. Through interviews with 22 game companionship practitioners, we used a micro-level perspective to relational gig work to analyze how workers navigate intimate boundaries and stakeholder networks. We found that companions adopt an "order-bound" mechanism: performing immersive deep acting during paid sessions, followed by complete emotional disengagement post-order. We also identified a tripartite companion-centric network featuring scenario-based performances with clients, competitive-symbiotic peer relations, and interdependent governance with companionship clubs. Furthermore, significant identity fluidity exists, with individuals frequently transitioning between companion, client, and club operator roles. We provide implications for future labor governance and platform designs for intimate digital work that explicitly account for institutionalized boundaries and gig workers’ shifting psychological needs.