HPLC Analysis and Pre‐Clinical Safety Study of <i>Achillea wilhelmsii</i> C. Koch and <i>Achillea millefolium</i>

ABSTRACT Herbal medicines are used as a remedy for various health complications as herbal medicines are more potent than synthetic one due to presence of the natural products. In this piece of work, we have determined the safety profile of two species Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch and Achillea millefolium . The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis found presence of various phenolic compounds. The safety profile was determined in rats and according to acute toxicity findings rats tolerated dosses up to 2500 mg/kg for both species and increasing dose up to 5000 mg/kg caused mortality of 30% for Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch and 40% for Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. Chronic doses caused a slight decrease in feed intake and a moderate decrease in water intake. The effect of chronic doses on body weight was minimum and can be ignored. In the lipid profile tests a moderate decrease was found in level of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL while a moderate increase was found in levels of HDL. In kidney and liver function tests a moderate increase found in kidney and liver biomarkers. In histopathology of organ minor changes were noted. This study founds both Achillea millefolium and Achillea wilhelmsii are safe.