3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one-Based Cationic Surfactants: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Antimicrobial Activity

-average and surfactant hydrophobicity, which was further supported by transmission electron microscopy. The aggregation number was determined by fluorescence quenching. The antimicrobial efficacy of DHPM-based surfactants was evaluated against six pathogenic microbes, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi, to assess differences in antimicrobial potency. Molecular docking revealed interactions between surfactant head groups and bacterial cell wall components.