Sickle cell disease premarital screening utilization and associated factors among youth corps members in Osun State, Nigeria

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic condition in the world. Nigeria has the highest burden of Sickle cell disease in the world with the prevalence of sickle cell trait and the homozygous form as 25% and 2%, respectively. Prevention of SCD is crucial among unmarried adults. Premarital screening is an important strategy for the prevention of SCD. Yet, the prevalence of SCD is still rising as a result of a lack of knowledge, accessibility, affordability of health care services, cultural and religious beliefs about the disease and an unwillingness to participate in premarital screening. The study assessed Sickle Cell Disease Premarital Screening utlization and associated Factors among Youth Corps Members in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The sample of 294 youth corps members was selected using stratified random sampling. A structured, validated questionnaire (α = 0.731–0.85) assessed knowledge, willingness, and utilization. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression (significance set at p < 0.05). Population consists of 365 youth corps members, sample size was determined using the Leslie Kish formula and a stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select 294 corps members in Iwo Local Government Area, Osun State. Response rate was 99%. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, at significance level of 0.05. Findings showed that the majority (91.2%) had adequate knowledge of sickle cell disease. Regarding premarital screening, the majority (88.8%) demonstrated adequate knowledge. All participants showed willingness to undergo premarital screening. Prior utilization of premarital screening service was reported by the majority (73.8%). Previous premarital genetic counselling was independently associated with utilization of premarital screening services. Emotional preparedness demonstrated a positive but non-significant association with utilization. Uptake is greatly increased by premarital genetic counselling. High levels of knowledge and willingness, however, may not always result in the use of screening. Beyond awareness efforts, public health interventions should incorporate counselling services that help people emotionally prepare for test results and address specific genetic myths. The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing sociocultural perceptions and misconception, enhancing public awareness, and ensuring accessibility to foster greater adoption of premarital screening.