Development of plant‐derived biomimetic nanoparticles as a novel targeted drug delivery platform

Abstract Plant‐derived biomimetic nanoparticles (PD‐BNPs) have emerged as a very promising and sustainable alternative to traditional nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Synthetic nanoparticles provide great tunability but suffer from issues such as cytotoxicity, fast immunological elimination, and sustainability problems, while those of animal origin are restricted by limitations such as difficulties associated with scale‐up and safety. On the other hand, plant‐based biomimetic nanoparticles (PD‐BNPs), especially plant‐derived exosome‐like nanoparticles, show great biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and inherent therapeutic properties due to their phytochemicals, lipids, proteins, and RNA. They can provide antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulating activity. With developments in ultracentrifugation techniques, size exclusion chromatography, nanoemulsion technology and green synthesis methods, it has become possible to enhance the purification, stability, and scaling up of PD‐BNPs. Natural tissue targeting capabilities and responsive properties make these nanoparticles ideal candidates for drug delivery. Despite some of the limitations, such as variations in sources and non‐standardized production, these nanoparticles have immense applications in precision drug delivery and nanomedicine.