Co-creating support: reciprocal regulation in parent–supporter dyads following child bereavement

This qualitative dyadic study examined how bereaved parents and their primary supporters co-create informal social support following the death of a child. Five parent-supporter dyads participated in semi-structured interviews, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Attuned interactions were characterized by emotional safety and mutual regulation; misattuned interactions occurred primarily outside dyads in families, workplaces, and healthcare settings, intensifying distress through avoidance and platitudes. Bereaved parents described grief as enduring, embodied, and oscillating, requiring emotional safety and consistent presence. Supporters experienced their role as emotionally demanding yet meaningful, requiring sustained self-regulation and resistance to avoidance. Support following child bereavement is dynamically co-created moment-to-moment, not simply given or withheld. For clinicians and communities, findings highlight the importance of grief-literate environments that build capacity for counter-reflexive responding, including tolerating distress, resisting grief-denying norms, and recognizing sustained, attentive presence as profoundly active support.