Sensor Topology-Aware Three-Branch Fusion for sEMG Gesture Recognition

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is increasingly used for gesture recognition in prosthetics, rehabilitation, and human–computer interaction. Existing architectures typically force heterogeneous sEMG features into a shared latent representation, limiting their ability to capture complementary temporal, frequency-domain, and inter-electrode spatial dependencies. To better exploit these features, this paper proposes a three-branch fusion network. Unlike many existing multi-branch methods, the proposed network explicitly models the ring arrangement of armband electrodes, capturing the adjacency information in the sensor topology that linear channel representations ignore. The temporal and spectral branches use a compact multi-scale residual structure, so this topology branch is added while maintaining modest model complexity. A reliability-aware routing mechanism then adaptively assigns fusion weights to the three branches for each sample. On NinaPro DB5 Exercise B (eight-channel lower armband), the method reaches 83.99% under subject-dependent training and 85.66% under transfer learning, exceeding prior transfer learning approaches under matched conditions. Ablation experiments confirm that the three branches contribute non-redundant information and that adaptive fusion outperforms fixed combinations. The architecture also generalizes to MyoArmbandDataset under a subject-adaptive transfer learning protocol without dataset-specific hyperparameter retuning, indicating potential for wearable gesture interfaces, rehabilitation, and prosthetic control.