Exploring risk factors for attributable mortality from fusariosis in hematological malignancy patients

We explored risk factors for attributable mortality in proven invasive Fusarium infections among patients with hematological malignancies, which remain poorly defined. This single-center retrospective study included adult patients with hematological cancers and proven invasive Fusarium infections admitted to a tertiary academic center between 2010 and 2021. The primary endpoint was 30-day attributable mortality, with secondary endpoints at 90, 180, and 365 days. At 30 days, lack of neutrophil recovery was the only significant risk factor associated with attributable mortality (p = 0.028). At 90 and 180 days, lack of lymphocyte recovery also became significant (p = 0.036 and 0.030, respectively), in addition to neutrophil recovery. Prior stem cell transplantation was associated with attributable mortality at 180 days (p = 0.009). This represents the largest single-center U.S. cohort examining attributable mortality in invasive Fusarium infections among patients with hematological malignancies. Lack of neutrophil and lymphocyte recovery were early and late risk factors associated with attributable mortality, respectively.