‘Are You Greater than Our Ancestors?’ Reading John 4:1–42 with the Lens of Social Identity Complexity in the Context of Ethno-Religious Solidarity, Conflict and Peacebuilding

This paper studies the encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan woman in John 4:1–42 through the lens of Social Identity Complexity (SIC) theory, focusing on its implications for ethno-religious solidarity, conflict resolution and peacebuilding in Northern Nigeria. The study explores how Jesus navigates complex social identities by crossing geographical, ethno-religious, and gender boundaries, presenting a model of inclusive and boundary-crossing social identity. Through this interdisciplinary approach, the paper argues that Jesus’ ability to affirm and integrate non-convergent social identities under a superordinate identity provides a framework for promoting ethno-religious tolerance, reconciliation, and peaceful coexistence. The analysis highlights the relevance of this model for addressing the ongoing ethno-religious conflicts in Northern Nigeria, where geographical and ethno-religious divisions persist. By drawing parallels between the Samaritan-Jewish conflict and the Christian-Muslim tensions in Northern Nigeria, the paper demonstrates the potential of SIC as a tool for fostering dialogue, reducing stereotypes, and building inclusive social identities that contribute to long-lasting peace.