Integrative Review of Needs and Experiences of Lung Transplant Caregivers

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a complex, life-sustaining procedure requiring substantial support from informal caregivers (e.g., friends or family members). However, the needs and experiences of these caregivers are underreported. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to examine and synthesize existing research on the needs and experiences of informal caregivers of lung transplant patients. METHODS: A systematic search, informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies focusing on the needs and/or experiences of adult informal caregivers. The biopsychosocial model was used to guide thematic analysis. The quality of each included study was evaluated using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were included in this review. Caregivers described how stressors affected their daily lives and ability to care for patients, emphasizing the need for better support systems. Caregivers also reported positive experiences, such as improved caregiver-patient relationships and a sense of fulfillment in their caregiving tasks. DISCUSSION: Caregivers require improved support and education. Future interventions aimed at improving support and educational resources should consider asset-based approaches that focus on caregivers' strengths. Findings suggest that effective clinician engagement during the lung transplant process requires attention to caregivers' comprehensive biopsychosocial needs and experiences.