DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT IN THE NOVEL "IMAM" BY NATIONAL LAUREATE ABDULLAH HUSSAIN

Abstract This study analyses the principles of management and democratic leadership as portrayed in the novel Imam by National Laureate Abdullah Hussain. Employing a qualitative approach, the study examines how democratic values such as consultation (musyawarah), openness, social responsibility, and human development are manifested through the actions and thoughts of the main character, Imam Mihad. The principle of planning is illustrated through Imam Mihad's initiatives to reform society, including the reconstruction of Haji Saleh Mosque, personally delivering Friday sermons, and introducing inclusive usrah sessions and spiritual education programmes. Imam Mihad's leadership style reflects a democratic approach that emphasises two-way communication, tolerance, and a willingness to listen to the voices of the community. In contrast, the character of Haji Syamsuri represents an autocratic leadership style that is more closed, directive-oriented, and less flexible. The study also highlights important leadership elements such as visionary thinking, steadfast adherence to principles, and the ability to face challenges in guiding society towards the common good. The findings demonstrate that democratic leadership principles not only strengthen the narrative of the novel but also convey management values that remain relevant to contemporary society. Therefore, literary works such as Imam serve as an effective medium for value-based education and leadership development, contributing to the formation of a competitive and ethically responsible society.