Gold Plasmophores for Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Sensing Based on Metal Nanostructures

spacer layer onto an Au NC-modified gold electrode. Experimental results supported by theoretical simulations demonstrate that near-field enhancement arising from plasmonic coupling between adjacent Au NRs significantly improves charge carrier excitation and photocurrent generation in the Au NCs. The PE-PEC platform was evaluated for the detection of biologically relevant model analytes, namely, hydrogen peroxide and catechol. Compared to electrodes modified with Au NCs alone, the PE-PEC system exhibits markedly enhanced sensitivity for both analytes. These results highlight the potential of rationally designed plasmon-enhanced architectures for improving photoelectrochemical performance and advancing multifunctional PEC-based bioanalysis.