Joint Modeling of 5G Slicing Reliability and Frequency Regulation Revenue for Virtual Power Plants: A Stackelberg Game Approach

Virtual power plants (VPPs) are emerging as flexible resources for automatic generation control (AGC) frequency regulation by coordinating geographically dispersed distributed energy resources. However, the timely execution of AGC commands is highly sensitive to communication latency and reliability, and conventional cellular networks may fail to provide stable service guarantees under high concurrency regulation scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposes 5G radio access network (RAN) slicing technology to provide dedicated communication resources for VPP frequency regulation command transmission. First, the resulting communication performance is further embedded into the AGC performance score, establishing an explicit mapping from network slicing resources to VPP regulation revenue. Next, a Stackelberg game model between the telecom operator and the VPP is constructed to achieve coordinated optimization of network slice resource pricing and allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve AGC command transmission reliability and frequency regulation tracking performance, while achieving a coordinated enhancement of both VPP regulation profit and telecom operator revenue.