Evaluation of temporomandibular joint morphology in patients with recurrent dislocation: a morphometric study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) based morphometric characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with recurrent dislocation and to investigate anatomical features associated with recurrent dislocation. METHODS: 15 patients with recurrent TMJ dislocation and 50 asymptomatic controls were included. Articular eminence height and inclination, glenoid fossa dimensions, condylar morphology, joint spaces, condylar position, and functional mandibular movements were assessed. Measurements were performed three times by one observer, and mean values were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent dislocation showed higher maximum interincisal opening and protrusive movement than controls. Sagittal glenoid fossa width was wider bilaterally, whereas mediolateral condylar dimensions were smaller in the study group. Right coronal articular eminence inclination also differed significantly. No significant differences were observed in sagittal articular eminence inclination, articular eminence height, glenoid fossa depth, condylar anteroposterior length, most joint space measurements, or condylar position. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent TMJ dislocation was associated with increased sagittal glenoid fossa width and reduced mediolateral condylar dimensions. These morphometric findings may reflect anatomical features observed in patients with recurrent dislocation.