ASO Practice Guidelines Series: Resectable Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite biologic similarities, colon and rectal cancers require distinct management strategies. Rapid advances molecular characterization (including mismatch repair status) as well as paradigm shifts in neoadjuvant therapy and organ-preservation strategies have expanded the range of treatment approaches while increasing the need for clear, guideline-anchored decision-making. This Practice Guidelines Series article summarizes contemporary guidance from major international guidelines (National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR)), highlighting areas of recent evolution and ongoing debate.