Evaluating psilocybin for the management of depression: a literature review

Background/Aims Depression remains a significant public health concern worldwide and many individuals do not achieve adequate symptom relief from conventional treatments such as antidepressants and psychological therapies. Interest has therefore increased in alternative interventions, including psilocybin microdosing. This article aimed to critically review the current evidence regarding the use of psilocybin for managing symptoms of depression and consider the implications for mental health nursing practice. Methods A narrative literature review was undertaken. Search terms included ‘microdosing’, ‘psilocybin’, ‘psychedelics’, ‘mental health’ and ‘depression’. Studies published in the last 10 years involving human participants were considered. Following screening and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles with a total of six empirical studies were included in the review. Results Three themes emerged, including ethical risks and limitations of microdosing, demographic and participant characteristics and the impact of microdosing on mental health. Some studies reported improvements in mood, anxiety and wellbeing, while others suggested that perceived benefits may be explained by placebo effects. Significant methodological limitations were identified across the literature. Conclusions Current evidence suggests potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin microdosing for depression. However, the evidence base remains limited and insufficient to support widespread clinical use. Implications for practice Mental health nurses should remain informed about emerging psychedelic therapies while continuing to provide evidence-based care and support patients to make informed decisions regarding treatment options.