Dynamic Endobronchial Findings in a Patient with Endobronchial Endometriosis before and after Progestin Therapy: A Case Report

Endobronchial endometriosis represents an uncommon form of pulmonary endometriosis. A 23-year-old female was hospitalized due to recurrent hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities that appeared synchronized with her menstrual cycle. Bronchoscopic examination revealed reddish swollen epithelium, prominent subepithelial blood vessels, and multiple red subepithelial lesions in the bronchial epithelium. Given the temporal association of hemoptysis with menstruation, ground-glass opacities in the lung field, and endobronchial abnormalities, along with a history of induced abortion and heavy menstrual bleeding, endobronchial endometriosis was suspected. Treatment with progestin completely resolved her hemoptysis and the abnormal endobronchial findings, and she was subsequently diagnosed with endobronchial endometriosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case demonstrating improvement in endobronchial lesions before and after progestin treatment in a patient with endobronchial endometriosis.