The Genus Specklinia Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in Mexico, a Taxonomic Review

Specklinia is an orchid genus composed of approximately 120 species. Although it has only been recognized recently as a monophyletic group, the presence of several poorly understood species complexes has led in the application of numerous names to taxa not occurring in Mexico and northern Central America. This study presents an updated and comprehensive systematic revision of Specklinia in Mexico, based on recent taxonomic and phylogenetic evidence. We examined Specklinia specimens housed in Mexican and international herbaria, as well as cultivated specimens and observations recorded on iNaturalist Mexico. For each species, we provided a description, taxonomic history, potential distribution model, conservation status assessment, photographic plate or botanical illustration are provided, along with information on distribution, habitat, phenology and comparisons with morphologically similar species. Twenty-two Specklinia species are accepted for Mexico, including five described as new (S. orbiculata, S. perez-garciae, S. solanoi, S. wendtii, and S. xoconochcana.) and two newly recorded for the country (S. acicularis and S. juddii). The identity of Mexican taxa morphologically similar to S. digitale, S. endotrachys, and S. grobyi are re-evaluated here. New combinations in Specklinia are proposed for Pleurothallis choconiana and P. hagsateri, which are recognized as distinct species. Lectotypes are designated for Epidendrum lanceola, E. tribuloides, Pleurothallis marginata, P. pergarcilis, P. microphylla, P. lateritia and P. spathulata. An identification key to the Mexican species of Specklinia is also provided. This study establishes a robust taxonomic framework for Specklinia in Mexico and highlights the need for continued systematic and conservation research, particularly in light of the proposed inclusion of 11 species under a risk category.