Suppressing Intrinsic Anti‐Site Defects via Targeted Li‐Occupation Unlocks Ultrahigh‐Rate Capability in Vanadium‐Free NASICON Cathodes

ABSTRACT Vanadium‐free Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 (NMTP) has been recognized as a prospective cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries owing to the abundance of raw materials, and its eco‐friendly composition. Yet the intrinsic anti‐site defects (IASDs) derived from the occupation of Mn 2+ on the Na‐vacancy site (Mn/M2_v) in NMTP severely deteriorates the Mn redox kinetics, causing abnormal voltage hysteresis and unsatisfactory rate performance. This study rationally designed a targeted Li‐occupation to effectively restrain the Mn/M2_v IASDs formation. Theoretical calculations identify that the tiny Li + ions preferentially occupy the alkali‐metal vacancies instead of Mn 2+ and selectively occupy M2 (18 e )‐sites rather than M1 (6 b )‐sites, thereby effectively inhibiting anti‐site occupation of Mn 2+ . This is experimentally validated in the prepared Na 2.95 Li 0.05 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 (NMTP‐Li0.05), where minimal Li doping leads to significant suppression of Mn/M2_v IASDs. During charge‐discharge, the introduced Li + exhibits high mobility between M1/M2 sites and low electrostatic repulsion with Na + . Therefore, the NMTP‐Li0.05 achieves promoted kinetics with eliminated voltage hysteresis and an ultrahigh‐rate capability of 70.2 mA h g −1 at 100 C, which is exceptional among V‐free NASICON cathodes. This work establishes an effective strategy for IASDs suppression in polyanionic cathodes and paves the way for developing high‐performance and sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Materials
Published
2026-07-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74230
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
Type
article
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article

Suppressing Intrinsic Anti‐Site Defects via Targeted Li‐Occupation Unlocks Ultrahigh‐Rate Capability in Vanadium‐Free NASICON Cathodes

Huangxu Li, J X Zhang, Zezhou Lin, F Liu et al.
Advanced Materials
Advancements in Battery Materials
article

Suppressing Intrinsic Anti‐Site Defects via Targeted Li‐Occupation Unlocks Ultrahigh‐Rate Capability in Vanadium‐Free NASICON Cathodes

Huangxu Li, J X Zhang, Zezhou Lin, F Liu, Y. P. Wang, Li Xp, Yulun Wu, Haitao Huang, Hui Li, C ZHANG, Yang Ren, Chaohong Guan, Ye Zhu, Yan Liu
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Vanadium‐free Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 (NMTP) has been recognized as a prospective cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries owing to the abundance of raw materials, and its eco‐friendly composition. Yet the intrinsic anti‐site defects (IASDs) derived from the occupation of Mn 2+ on the Na‐vacancy site (Mn/M2_v) in NMTP severely deteriorates the Mn redox kinetics, causing abnormal voltage hysteresis and unsatisfactory rate performance. This study rationally designed a targeted Li‐occupation to effectively restrain the Mn/M2_v IASDs formation. Theoretical calculations identify that the tiny Li + ions preferentially occupy the alkali‐metal vacancies instead of Mn 2+ and selectively occupy M2 (18 e )‐sites rather than M1 (6 b )‐sites, thereby effectively inhibiting anti‐site occupation of Mn 2+ . This is experimentally validated in the prepared Na 2.95 Li 0.05 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 (NMTP‐Li0.05), where minimal Li doping leads to significant suppression of Mn/M2_v IASDs. During charge‐discharge, the introduced Li + exhibits high mobility between M1/M2 sites and low electrostatic repulsion with Na + . Therefore, the NMTP‐Li0.05 achieves promoted kinetics with eliminated voltage hysteresis and an ultrahigh‐rate capability of 70.2 mA h g −1 at 100 C, which is exceptional among V‐free NASICON cathodes. This work establishes an effective strategy for IASDs suppression in polyanionic cathodes and paves the way for developing high‐performance and sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.

Advanced Materials
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), City University of Hong Kong (HK), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (CN), Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology (CN), Fujian University of Technology (CN), University of Hong Kong (HK)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 15%
Advancements in Battery Materials
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