Neurofunctional Changes Following Multimodal Rehabilitation Treatment in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis: An Exploratory Electrophysiological Study

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess nerve conduction studies (NCS) parameters of the median nerve and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle activity in patients with cervical spondylosis. Additionally, we evaluated longitudinal changes in these parameters at six months following a multimodal rehabilitation treatment. Methods: This quasiexperimental, nonrandomized study included 41 patients with cervical spondylosis and 25 healthy controls. Median nerve conduction studies and semiquantitative surface electromyography (sEMG) of the APB muscle were assessed using a two-channel Neuro-MEP-Micro system (version 2009, Neurosoft Ltd.). The evaluations were performed at baseline in both groups and repeated after six months in the patient group. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Compared with controls, patients showed reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude (Cohen’s d = 1.53–1.83), slower motor conduction velocity (r = 0.91–0.95), and impaired sEMG amplitude and recruitment pattern of the APB muscle (all adjusted p < 0.001). After application of multimodal rehabilitation treatment, VAS scores decreased significantly (adjusted p < 0.001), and favorable changes in NCS and sEMG parameters were observed, with moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.56–0.82; r = 0.52–0.86; all adjusted p ≤ 0.006). CMAP amplitude correlated positively with sEMG amplitude and recruitment pattern (ρ = 0.483–0.632, all adjusted p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Multimodal rehabilitation treatment may be associated with clinical and electrophysiological improvements, suggesting the complementary value of NCS and sEMG for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with cervical spondylosis. However, because of the nonrandomized uncontrolled design and the absence of longitudinal follow-up in controls, causal treatment effects cannot be inferred.