Seedling production of native tree species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation to restore degraded pasture

The failure of forest restoration may be linked to the absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules in degraded soils. Incorporating AMF into substrates during seedling production represents a viable strategy for planting native trees. This study evaluated six native species, with seedlings grown in substrates ether inoculated with and without an AMF mix, transplanted into a degraded Atlantic Forest pasture. Growth and physiological traits were assessed after 6 months (dry season) and 12 months (rainy season). Substrate and time influenced morphophysiological variables, and AMF sporulation was higher in the dry season. However, seasonal effects on most traits were minimal, challenging the notion that low water reduces photosynthetic efficiency and AMF activity. No performance differences were found between substrates, likely due to early AMF colonization during nursery growth. Ensuring consistent mycorrhizal colonization in seedlings is crucial for successful reforestation.