Is Having a Pain Having an Unshareable Particular?

ABSTRACT Do I have something no one else can have when I am in pain? This puzzle about the so‐called ‘privacy of ownership’ of sensations is a special case of the problem of whether the states and qualities of a subject are particulars. (For if someone ‘has’ a pain, then that someone ‘is in’ a pain state and vice versa.) The debate addressing the problem is unclear regarding the distinction between what is ‘had’ in having pain and owner‐individuated experiential episodes. The most common answer to the question claims that other people cannot have the numerically identical pain but only a qualitatively identical one. Building on recent work on states, events, and processes, I show that this answer is caught in a trilemma when faced with the task of identifying the allegedly unshareable particular that is ‘had’; a trilemma that renders the answer either incoherent, false, or trivial.

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Publication Details

Journal
Analytic Philosophy
Published
2026-07-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/phib.70021
Primary Topic
Political Philosophy and Ethics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Is Having a Pain Having an Unshareable Particular?

Bernhard Ritter
Analytic Philosophy
Political Philosophy and Ethics
article

Is Having a Pain Having an Unshareable Particular?

Bernhard Ritter
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Do I have something no one else can have when I am in pain? This puzzle about the so‐called ‘privacy of ownership’ of sensations is a special case of the problem of whether the states and qualities of a subject are particulars. (For if someone ‘has’ a pain, then that someone ‘is in’ a pain state and vice versa.) The debate addressing the problem is unclear regarding the distinction between what is ‘had’ in having pain and owner‐individuated experiential episodes. The most common answer to the question claims that other people cannot have the numerically identical pain but only a qualitatively identical one. Building on recent work on states, events, and processes, I show that this answer is caught in a trilemma when faced with the task of identifying the allegedly unshareable particular that is ‘had’; a trilemma that renders the answer either incoherent, false, or trivial.

Analytic Philosophy
Graz University of Technology (AT)
Austrian Science Fund
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Political Philosophy and Ethics
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