CCS: A Runtime Verification Protocol for Multi-Agent Systems

We present CCS (Computational Conformance Specification), a runtime verification protocol for multi-agent systems that provides cryptographic audit receipts for agent actions with zero-trust verifiability. The protocol introduces a four-layer verification stack—settlement receipts, action receipts, independent verdicts, and knowledge receipts—validated through empirical deployment across 24+ projects with 190+ verified vulnerabilities and 16 systemic security patterns. We present evidence of spontaneous community convergence: four independent implementations across Microsoft AutoGen, CrewAI, and third-party infrastructure have converged on the same architecture without coordination, including a fully independent third-party verification achieving 100% conformance across all layers. P50 verification latency: 22μs, throughput: 7.69M ops/sec.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21542369
Primary Topic
Security and Verification in Computing
Type
preprint
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preprint

CCS: A Runtime Verification Protocol for Multi-Agent Systems

Guigui Wang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Security and Verification in Computing
preprint

CCS: A Runtime Verification Protocol for Multi-Agent Systems

Guigui Wang
preprint en

Abstract

We present CCS (Computational Conformance Specification), a runtime verification protocol for multi-agent systems that provides cryptographic audit receipts for agent actions with zero-trust verifiability. The protocol introduces a four-layer verification stack—settlement receipts, action receipts, independent verdicts, and knowledge receipts—validated through empirical deployment across 24+ projects with 190+ verified vulnerabilities and 16 systemic security patterns. We present evidence of spontaneous community convergence: four independent implementations across Microsoft AutoGen, CrewAI, and third-party infrastructure have converged on the same architecture without coordination, including a fully independent third-party verification achieving 100% conformance across all layers. P50 verification latency: 22μs, throughput: 7.69M ops/sec.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Corrective Eye Center (US)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Security and Verification in Computing
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