Phytoremediation ability of <i>Hydrocotyle umbellata</i> L. under different arsenic treatment levels by applying supervised statistical and machine analysis

Arsenic pollution of water and soil is a global environmental and public health issue that requires sustainable remediation. Metal-tolerant plant species are used in phytoremediation to significantly remove metals from contaminated locations. This study tested Hydrocotyle umbellata L. against five Arsenic concentrations (500,750,1000,1250,1500 µg L−1 from T1 to T5 respectively,) in Hoagland solution for 10 days to assess its phytoextraction potential. This was done using triplicate randomized block design. Pearson Correlation analysis, ANOVA, Multivariate Regression, and CART models are used for statistical analyses. These statistical characteristics were used to examine H. umbellata’s Arsenic uptake and its effects on factors like fresh and dry weight, translocation factor (TF), bio-concentration factor (BCF), chlorophyll content (Chl.), and electrolyte leakage. All treatments had BCF greater than 1 and a maximum BCF value was shown by T5 as 32.65. The strong metal uptake, greatest BCF reduced dry weight indicates physiological stress in H. umbellata, which can collect and translocate Arsenic from roots to stolon. Highest BCF and TF values accompanying As translocation to shoots indicate H. umbellata’s phytoextraction capacity and adaptation to Arsenic stress.