What Makes Experience Possible?

What Makes Experience Possible? A Comparative Architecture of Consciousness Across Philosophical Traditions: From Plato to Predictive Processing, from Advaita to AI develops a comparative philosophical framework for understanding the conditions that make experience possible. Rather than defending a single metaphysical theory of consciousness, the book compares major philosophical, religious, and scientific traditions according to the explanatory work they perform. It proposes six universal functional conditions—difference, availability, orientation, integration, temporality, and answerability—as a common comparative architecture for analyzing theories of experience. The study examines Greek philosophy, Indian philosophical systems, Buddhist traditions, Chinese philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Jewish and Christian thought, modern philosophy, phenomenology, analytic philosophy, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, predictive processing, integrated information theory, and information theory. It argues that these traditions can be compared through their explanatory structures without collapsing their historical or doctrinal differences. The book concludes by presenting a formal comparative framework, addressing major philosophical objections, clarifying the scope and limits of the proposed architecture, and offering a general taxonomy for comparative consciousness studies.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21566820
Primary Topic
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Type
preprint
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preprint

What Makes Experience Possible?

Md. Amir Khusru Akhtar
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
preprint

What Makes Experience Possible?

Md. Amir Khusru Akhtar
preprint en

Abstract

What Makes Experience Possible? A Comparative Architecture of Consciousness Across Philosophical Traditions: From Plato to Predictive Processing, from Advaita to AI develops a comparative philosophical framework for understanding the conditions that make experience possible. Rather than defending a single metaphysical theory of consciousness, the book compares major philosophical, religious, and scientific traditions according to the explanatory work they perform. It proposes six universal functional conditions—difference, availability, orientation, integration, temporality, and answerability—as a common comparative architecture for analyzing theories of experience. The study examines Greek philosophy, Indian philosophical systems, Buddhist traditions, Chinese philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Jewish and Christian thought, modern philosophy, phenomenology, analytic philosophy, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, predictive processing, integrated information theory, and information theory. It argues that these traditions can be compared through their explanatory structures without collapsing their historical or doctrinal differences. The book concludes by presenting a formal comparative framework, addressing major philosophical objections, clarifying the scope and limits of the proposed architecture, and offering a general taxonomy for comparative consciousness studies.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quality Education
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
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