A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends in extramedullary multiple myeloma from 2000 to 2024

Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is a severe complication involving tumor spread beyond the bone marrow. This study provides the first bibliometric analysis to systematically assess global EMM research trends. Publications (2000–2024) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix. 963 publications (780 articles, 183 reviews) were identified, spanning four phases: exploratory (2000–2006), growth (2007–2010), volatile (2011–2019), and accelerated (2020–2024). The US leads with 292 papers, followed by China (146). Key institutions include the Mayo Clinic and University of Arkansas. Blood and Leukemia are top journals. Leading contributors include Einsele H and Rasche L, with high citation impact from Rajkumar SV. Six research themes emerged; current trends focus on PET/CT imaging and novel therapies like daratumumab and pomalidomide. Recent burst analysis (2020–2024) highlights diagnostic standardization and risk stratification. EMM research has shifted from descriptive studies to mechanistic and translational investigations aligned with precision medicine. Future efforts should prioritize multidisciplinary collaboration, real-world evidence, and innovative targeted therapies to address remaining clinical challenges.