Heterostructured Nanotube Arrays With Light‐Trapping and Energy Alignment for Full‐Spectrum‐Driven Photoelectric Stimulation in Regulating Wounded Epithelial‐Neural‐Immune Systems

ABSTRACT Photoelectric stimulation raises increasing interest as a promising alternative for percutaneous wired bioelectrical stimulation, whereas limited by narrow activation spectra and low photo‐electrical conversion efficiency. Herein, we develop a full‐spectrum‐activated photoelectric heterostructure based on a polydopamine (PDA)‐modified TiO 2 nanotube array (TPNTs). Through spaced nanotube array and heterojunction interface engineering, the TPNTs nanoarray significantly enhances photon capture and charge separation through its light‐trapping architecture and favorable energy level alignment. A flexible bi‐layer dressing (TPNTs‐SF) was then fabricated by integrating the heterojunction array with a silk fibroin‐calcium (SF‐Ca) hydrogel coating. The TPNTs‐SF combines the heterojunction array with a biocompatible hydrogel layer, thereby integrating functions of broadband light harvesting, efficient photoelectric conversion, and conformal biointerfacial conduction. Taking deep burn healing as a model facing the challenge of mismatch between epithelial closure and sensory re‐innervation, the TPNTs‐SF as a wound dressing, synchronously promoted epithelial repair, sensory nerve regeneration, and immune microenvironment remodeling through self‐powered electrical stimuli under white light. This work establishes a new strategy to construct photoelectrical transfer materials with high conversion efficiency and versatile full‐spectrum visible light exciting ability, providing a novel battery‐free and portable strategy for advanced wound management.