Exosome therapy in periodontics: A new frontier in regenerative medicine

Periodontal disease remains a major global health concern, leading to progressive tissue destruction and tooth loss. Conventional regenerative therapies have shown promising results, but their limitations necessitate novel approaches. Exosome therapy has emerged as a cutting-edge strategy in regenerative medicine, offering a cell-free, biomimetic solution for periodontal tissue repair. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and immune cells, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, modulating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting tissue regeneration. This review explores the biological characteristics of exosomes, their role in periodontal tissue repair, and their potential therapeutic applications in periodontics. Additionally, we discuss current challenges, such as scalability, isolation techniques, and regulatory concerns, while highlighting future prospects for clinical translation. Exosome-based therapeutics represent a paradigm shift in periodontal regeneration, offering a minimally invasive and highly targeted approach to tissue engineering. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using specific keywords related to exosome therapy and periodontics.