Ballistic Behavior and Mesoscale Numerical Research of Three‐Dimensional Angle‐Interlock Structure Composites

ABSTRACT A novel flexible ballistic protection material is synthesized by integrating shear thickening fluid (STF) into three‐dimensional angle‐interlock fabric (3DAIF). Comprehensive mechanical property tests and ballistic impact experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of 3DAIF/STF composites. Results demonstrate that STF incorporation markedly enhances energy absorption capacity, with increases ranging from 34.62% to 247.09% relative to neat 3DAIF. To elucidate ballistic impact behavior, a mesoscale numerical model is constructed utilizing the finite element method (FEM) with fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling. Following stringent validation against experimental data (with a ballistic limit prediction deviation ≤ 6%), the model is employed to explore the synergistic interplay between the angle‐interlock structure and shear thickening effect in dissipating ballistic impact energy. These findings furnish critical empirical evidence for advancing and refining ballistic protection equipment based on 3DAIF/STF composites.