The Non-Particle Nature of Dark Matter — Freezing of Type-B Geometric Defects

Dark matter constitutes about 85% of the matter in the universe, yet its nature remains unknown. The standard weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) and axion models face severe challenges from the persistent null results of direct detection experiments. This paper demonstrates that the Order Parameter Spacetime Theory provides a fundamentally different explanation: dark matter is not an unknown particle, but rather topological defects of Type-B traversable singularities left over from the inflationary-reheating phase transition. These defects are produced in abundance when the phase transition crosses the critical point, and are subsequently geometrically frozen by the Mach force---the Mach force suppresses defect collapse, and the extremely long relaxation time prevents their annihilation. The frozen defects behave as collisionless, non-particle gravitational sources, interacting with ordinary matter only through gravity. This explanation naturally accommodates the null results of dark matter direct detection experiments. As natural extensions of the theoretical framework, three exclusive predictions are given: a geometric hard cutoff in the dark matter halo mass spectrum, a characteristic gravitational wave background signal, and a smooth noise component in gravitational lensing. This paper also discusses the compatibility of Type-B defects with CMB observations and large-scale structure. If WIMPs or axions are directly detected in the future, this theory is falsified.