Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and follow-up tracking of a case of congenital coronary artery fistula

Congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation characterized by an anomalous connection between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or great vessel. Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging. A 29-year-old G2P1 pregnant woman was diagnosed with fetal left coronary artery-to-right ventricle fistula via prenatal ultrasound at 21 weeks. Postpartum follow-up showed progressive coronary dilation, leading to surgical repair. A cardiac enhanced CT scan also confirmed the diagnosis of CAF. One-year postoperative ultrasound revealed improved cardiac structure with residual mild complications. Prenatal ultrasound is pivotal for early CAF diagnosis, guiding postnatal intervention and improving prognosis.