Feasibility analysis of renewable energy integration trends and future research directions in Somalia

Abstract Somalia’s energy sector is characterized by low electrification rates, high electricity costs, and a heavy reliance on diesel-based generation. Despite substantial renewable energy potential, particularly in solar and wind resources, integration into the national energy system remains limited. This study presents a critical feasibility analysis and review of renewable energy integration trends in Somalia, with a specific focus on hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). A systematic review approach was adopted, analyzing peer-reviewed literature, policy reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2025. The assessment evaluates technical performance, economic feasibility, and policy constraints associated with HRES deployment. Emphasis is placed on cost structures, system efficiency, and comparative analysis with conventional diesel-based generation. The results indicate that solar-based hybrid systems provide a technically viable and economically competitive alternative, with lower lifecycle costs compared to diesel systems despite higher initial investment. Estimated payback periods range between 3 and 7 years depending on system configuration and financing conditions. However, key barriers persist, including regulatory gaps, financing constraints, and institutional limitations. This study contributes by integrating technical, economic, and policy dimensions into a unified analytical framework and proposes a structured roadmap for renewable energy deployment. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and investors aiming to accelerate Somalia’s energy transition.