Cultivating circular supply chain practices in agri-processing SMEs in developing countries

Purpose This study investigates the key factors driving the adoption of circular supply chain practices (CSCPs) among agricultural processing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the extended technology-organisation-environment framework, it adopts a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with academics, industry experts, and chief executive officers from agricultural processing SMEs in Vietnam. Findings The findings reveal novel, context-specific drivers of CSCPs shaped by SMEs' operational and institutional environments. It also highlights the mediating role of organisational and interorganisational factors in determining how technological and environmental factors translate into adoption decisions. Originality/value This study contributes to knowledge and practice by being among the first to explore the drivers of CSCP adoption in agricultural processing SMEs in developing countries. It develops a framework of adoption drivers and introduces a strategic matrix to guide CSCP adoption, aligning implementation pathways with firms' internal readiness and external influences.