Psychometric Evaluation of the Positive and Negative Communication Scale with Low-Income Couples Enrolled in Relationship Education: A Two-Study Investigation

Objective This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Communication Scale (PNCS) at the individual and dyadic levels.Methods Two studies were conducted: Study One (N = 1,319) treated individuals as the unit of analysis, and Study Two (N = 726 couples) treated couples as the unit of analysis. We examined factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and predictive validity, and measurement invariance.Results In Study One, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor model. Subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency, moderate test-retest reliability, and evidence of concurrent and predictive validity. Full invariance was established across English and Spanish forms. In Study Two, dyadic CFA supported the same factor structure across partners, with comparable reliability and validity for men and women. Full invariance was established across dyad members.Conclusion The PNCS demonstrates robust psychometric properties, supporting its use in counseling research and program evaluation with couples.