The Logic: From "OR" to "AND" — Why Science Falsifies and Universal Logic Evolves

Modern science operates through falsification: a hypothesis holds until a counter-example disproves it. This method is powerful within its domain — the domain of "OR" (either true or false, either this or that). George Ohsawa (1893-1966) proposed a different logic — a monist logic of "AND" — in which opposites are not exclusive but complementary, and understanding evolves not by falsification but by the elevation of Judgment. This paper presents the four instruments of this logic: the 7 Universal Laws, the 12 Yin-Yang Theorems, the 7 Levels of Judgment, and the 7 Principles of Health — and argues that the first four Universal Laws structurally supersede the four pillars of Aristotelian formal logic (identity, non-contradiction, excluded middle, sufficient reason). The paper does not claim that formal logic is wrong. It claims that formal logic is incomplete — valid within the world of Matter but structurally blind at its boundaries. The companion paper (Paper A: "The Chain") provides the scientific evidence. This paper provides the logic that reads it.