Homeowners’ barriers and motivations in decisions to adopt government-led energy efficiency renovation in China’s Northern Heating Region

Abstract Under the national goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality, the Chinese government has set higher requirements for energy efficiency renovation (EER) of existing residential buildings in its Northern Heating Region. The decision-making support of homeowners plays a crucial role in achieving these renovation targets. This study investigates the barriers and motivations influencing homeowners’ decisions to participate in government-led EER programs. In addition to socio-demographic factors and building characteristics, particular attention is given to homeowners’ previous renovation experiences. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among homeowners in the region, the study identifies the main barriers as high capital costs, perceived unfairness in financial planning, an inefficient renovation process, concerns about decreased comfort, and a lack of incentives. Conversely, motivations include the desire to improve comfort levels, reduced capital costs, a transparent and well-organized renovation process, financial incentives, and trust in government authorities. Homeowners with prior renovation experience report overall lower levels of perceived barriers and motivations compared to those without such experience, with significant differences in several factors. Semi-structured interviews provide further insights into these findings. In addition, the study examines homeowners’ willingness to engage in EER. Policy recommendations are proposed based on the results.